Every year, New York City Transit evaluates why its trains are late, and every year, the leading cause of subway delays is generally straphanger-generated. People holding the doors and people preventing the doors from closing are the two leading culprits behind delayed trains.
To combat this epidemic of door-holding, New York City Transit has unveiled a new public-service campaign. The poster, above, now appears in 2200 subway cars throughout the system, and the message is a simple one. Don’t hold the doors. It delays this train; it delays the next one. Everyone will see — the red person — and everyone will know that you are responsible for the train delays. (In addition to the posters, a new automated announcement will debut soon as well.)
“The selfish act of holding the doors while one tries to board or exit a train can delay several trains along a line, particularly during rush hour when trains run more closely together,” Steven Feil, senior vice president of Subways for NYC Transit, said. “But aside from that aspect, you can get hurt.”
It’s a simple message, but will it resonate with New Yorkers? The question is one of subway ethics. It involves why we hold doors, why we shimmy into trains too full to fit us and why it doesn’t really matter if this train or the one right behind it is delayed. The delay, after all, is on paper only. The train isn’t delayed if everyone expects to wait at crowded stations during rush hour as people inevitably block or hold the doors.
We start the first questions: Why do we hold doors and why do we block doors? The answer to this conundrum brings us back to my on-again, off-again series of pieces about underground ethics. On the one hand are the people who block doors. These people either cram themselves into subway cars too crowded for another person or insert their arms, legs and backpacks into closing train doors. These are introverted masses. They hold the doors for themselves because they don’t want to be late and can’t deign to wait four minutes for the next train. They don’t really care about this PSA.
On the other hand are the people who hold train doors. Sometimes, these people hold train doors because they see a harried commuter rushing down the staircase, hoping the train won’t leave. Sometimes, these people hold train doors because their friends are right behind them, because the baby stroller is slowly getting on board, because the conductor can’t see the lines of people at the far end of the platform. These are the extroverted helpers, and the PSA probably won’t impact their generally altruistic behavior too much.
In the end, then, I posit that this PSA doesn’t add much to the realm of underground ethics. The subways are delayed only if New York City Transit considers them to be delayed. When I board a rush hour train in the morning or afternoon, I expect a few slow station stops. I expect people to cram into a crowded car, too impatient to wait for the next train. I expect a modicum of door-holding. I expect door-related delays to slow down my ride, and in the end, it’s not really slowing down my ride because I am expecting it.
Maybe this PSA will help. Maybe a few people won’t hold the doors, and a few more people may find themselves waiting for another train. But none of us like to wait; we all want to get to where we need to be as soon as possible. For that, straphangers will continue to hold doors.
In 1990, as the New York City subways were beginning their long, slow climb back to respectability, then-Chariman Robert Kiley brought in Alan F. Kiepper to oversee New York City Transit. Kiepper made his name in Atlanta where he helped develop and build the MARTA system, and to New York’s subways, he tried to bring charm and poetry.
He became president of the New York City Transit Authority in 1990, overseeing the nation’s largest subway and bus system, which was struggling to emerge from a long decline. Mr. Kiepper grappled with major fires, accidents and crimes, including an explosion and fire in a Brooklyn subway tunnel in which two passengers died, a derailment in the Union Square station that killed five people and the death of Brian Watkins, a young Utah tourist killed while trying to defend his parents from robbers.
Mr. Kiepper also hired William J. Bratton, a transit police chief from Boston, to run the New York Transit Police. Mr. Bratton led an aggressive campaign against fare beating and robbery. (He left after about 21 months to lead the Boston Police Department and later led those in New York and Los Angeles.)
Subway crime fell by 50 percent during Mr. Kiepper’s tenure. Ridership also rebounded to its highest level in two decades, and Mr. Kiepper pushed for cleaner trains and placed additional managers in the stations.
A lifelong lover of poetry, Mr. Kiepper introduced the popular Poetry in Motion program that placed verses alongside advertisements for skin treatments and technical schools in subway cars and buses; the program ended last year. He worked with the Poetry Society of America to start the program.
Kiepper was one of the key figures in the MTA’s current push to bring its stations and system into a state of good repair, and the transit community lost a key voice today.
At 5 a.m. this morning, the 1 train will roll into 181st St. and open its doors at the platform for the first time since the ceiling at this 103-year-old station collapsed on August 16. Work, however, is far from over on this station and the one at 168th St.
According to a release sent out by New York City Transit late on Sunday night, Transit maintenance crews and an outside contractor were working over the weekend to open the station. The work this weekend was both cosmetic and structural. Generally, the crews worked to stabilize more areas of loose brick at both stations, but cosmetically, the stations are now a jumble of scaffolding mazes with work to continue indefinitely.
As part of a succinct statement on the reality of the situation, Transit had this to say: “However, even with the shifting of the scaffolding, customers should be mindful that room will be limited on the platforms of both stations. MTA New York City Transit regrets any inconvenience this may have caused our customers.”
Upon further review, that might just be an understatement. The 181st St. station — visible here in an NYC Transit picture — is under extensive cover right now. A platform is protecting the tracks from the ceiling, and some support were removed so that passengers would have somewhere to stand in the morning. At 168th St. — seen here — a scaffolding dominates the downtown platform.
For now, the MTA will continue to work on these stations while trains rumble through and straphangers ride the rails. It will not, however, make for the most pleasant of commutes for Washington Heights residents, and right now, the MTA does not have a timetable for repairs.
The agency should be lauded, though, for getting these stations up and running in relatively short order. A 20-to-30 foot chunk of ceiling collapsed at 181st St., and seven days later, the trains were running through the station. Seven more days elapsed before passengers could use the station again, and while those two weeks may have seemed interminable to people who are used to daily access at that station, it is a short turnaround in the scheme of things.
But there is work yet to be done. These two damaged stations could just be the tip of the ice berg. While the MTA inspects stations regularly, a cursory glance at the subways reveal stations that are falling apart. The lower level downtown-bound platform at West 4th St., for instances, has chunks of tile missing from the wall. What, I wonder, will be the next station to literally fall?
When the bridge on I-35 in Minnesota collapsed a few years ago, the country used it as a wake-up call to demand more investment in our nation’s infrastructure. This accident — luckily a casualty-free one — should serve the same purpose in New York. The MTA needs the money to maintain is system in a state of good repair, and we should not be waiting on pins and needles until a truly calamitous accident happens to get funding. It’s that simple.
This comes as little surprise to those of us following the story, but the Daily News is reporting today that the 181st St. station on the 1 line “isn’t opening anytime soon,” according to transit officials. While workers have cleared debris from the tracks and trains are now running through the station, Transit has no timetable for completing repairs to the 103-year-old station. Employees at the station entrance said it would be at least a “few more weeks.”
Meanwhile, as part of the collateral damage, the businesses on the mezzanine level are concerned about the loss of traffic through the normally packed station. “It’s a killer,” Hassan Cheikhali said to the News. “If it stays like this, we’ll have to close. But the MTA, they don’t care. They didn’t say anything.” It sounds like Second Ave. all over again.
At 5 a.m. today — a few hours from now or a few hours ago, depending upon when you visit SAS — the 1 train will roll north and finally pass through the tracks at 181st St. shuttered by a falling ceiling. While the train won’t stop there this morning and will bypass the station until further notice, for the thousands of riders who had to take shuttle buses and multiple subways to navigate this collapse, that journey is over for now.
For now, I say, because the stations at both 181st St. and 168th St. will be undergoing repairs. Beginning next weekend, in fact, the 1 trains will run in two sections from South Ferry to 137th St. and from Dyckman St. to 242nd St. Shuttle buses will service the intermediate stations and 181st St. during the week as it remains closed.
Right now, these portions of the 1 line are in trouble. These two stations both opened on March 16, 1906, and they are beginning to show their 103 years of wear and tear. For the past week, MTA contractors have installed supports and shielding for the ceilings at 181st St., and that station will remain closed until the vaults are secure. Meanwhile, because 168th St. features similar construction techniques and architecture, it too faced a full inspection on Sunday. The findings are a bit alarming.
According to the press release sent out by New York City Transit early Monday morning, the inspection at 168th St. revealed “some areas of concern that have been stabilized prior to the restoration of subway service but will necessitate another closure next weekend.”
The release detailed the inspection process at 168th St., and Transit’s new Twitter account provided somepictures. “Performed painstakingly, much of it by hand, the inspection revealed some areas of brickwork in the station’s vaulted segment that we felt prudent to stabilize until we can perform further inspection and evaluation,” it read. “Additionally, NYC Transit maintenance workers were called in to stabilize areas of loose plaster, concrete and brick in the extension part of the northbound platform.”
And so, here we are, eight days later and no closer to a resolution. Transit is working very diligently to correct this problem, but I fear for the results of further inspections. We can read released talking about stabilizing loose plaster, concrete and bricks. We can see water damage in many of the system’s stations. No matter what, though, we know the realities of a system with stations that range from seven to nearly eleven decades old.
On October 27, the oldest parts of the subway system will be 105 years old, and the system is showing its age. It’s showing what happens when investment lags, when we have to make a choice between rail work, station work and rolling stock that won’t break down. It’s showing what happens when the needs of this city — this economic engine so vital to the state and nation — are ignored. We need investment in infrastructure, and it shouldn’t take a collapsed ceiling to prove this point.
The Seventh Ave. station on the IND Culver Line in Brooklyn has seen better days. (Photo by Benjamin Kabak)
Since 1904, the New York City subways have had an uneasy relationship with water. In some places, the subway system is only a few feet below ground, and ground water and rain have caused problems for subway operations and construction for over a century.
Today, the problems are more evident than ever. As the photo above shows, the F/G station at 7th Ave. in Brooklyn looks terrible, and it’s not the only one. The Manhattan-bound 2/5 platform at 149th St./Grand Concourse is marred with water stains (and worse). Various stations flood constantly. Walls bulge with water, and earlier this week, a disaster waiting to happen finally happened. Community groups and residents had long complained of the water damage at 181st St. on the West Side IRT, and last weekend, the ceiling finally gave way.
As the MTA has scrambled to restore 1 train service in Northern Manhattan, Transit has defended itself from accusations of maintenance neglect. The agency knew of the problems and complaints surrounding 181st St. and had even planned to fix it — next year. What of the other stations long wearing the visible scars of water damage? What of the walls and ceiling retaining moisture or worse?
In today’s Post, three reporters delve into the issue of water-damaged stations, and the findings are less than comforting. According to the Post, the Permanent Citizens Advisory Committee to the MTA recently reviewed numerous stations, and 16 of them received an F for “water-leakage problems.” Of those, three are scheduled for rehabilitation by 2015.
These stations, contend MTA officials, are not of the same vintage and architectural style as the 181st St. stop and do not pose the same risks. MTA Board member Andrew Albert is worried though. “I’m very concerned about it,” he said to the Post. “It makes me wonder if stations are being renovated on basis of need, or if they’re being clustered on certain lines so they can all be done faster at once.”
While the Post highlighted a series of stations in every borough with visible water damage, the MTA says that water was not the root of the problem at 181st St. and isn’t always reason for concern. “Water leakage, while a considerable problem throughout the system, is not necessarily by itself, a clear indicator of a severe structural problem,” Charles Seaton, a Transit spokesperson, said. “A recently completed system wide station condition survey identified defects at all stations, including ceilings.”
The agency has what the Post called an emergency fund to fix stations that present an immediate the safety risk, but in my opinion, that’s too little too late. We shouldn’t wait until stations on the verge of collapse to renovate and rebuild them. We shouldn’t have to wait until a ceiling collapses to question water-stained walls missing tiles and ceilings that look less that secure.
In a few days, the 1 train will be running again, and we’ll forget about the incident. Yet, the MTA will still need that money for routine maintenance, and if this collapse — a disaster that happened — doesn’t spur on more transit investment, what will?
The MTA’s latest foray into digital technology is Twitter. Via the account at NYCTSubwayScoop, agency spokespeople have been releasing numerous pictures of the repair efforts at 181st St. Crews are up there constantly, but the station — and Northern Manhattan transportation — is a mess.
Meanwhile, as work continues apace, Transit is aiming for complete 1 train service on Monday. According to amNew York, service disruptions will last through at least the weekend as the MTA works to clear debris off the tracks and shore up the ceiling. They’re also inspecting nearby stations with similar architecture and similar community complaints of water damage. I do not yet know if the station will open Monday or if the tracks will open to through-trains only.
The 181st. St. station on the 1 line will be closed until further notice. (Photo courtesy of New York City Transit)
Right now, the prognosis at 181st St. isn’t promising. According to the MTA’s most recent statement, Transit does not anticipate reopening the station to through-trains until at least this weekend, and repairs will take longer than that. Furthermore, the MTA today said that it had known about structural problems with the station, and while the wheels were in motion to fix the problem, a planned construction project was still at least a year away.
According to Transit, a “qualified contractor” is on the scene, and over the next few days, this contractor will construct a protective barrier across the track bed and platform. This barrier is going to be 300 feet long and 32 feet wide and will consist of metal decking and support beams.
With this structure in place, the work will turn to the ceiling, and the contractor will have to inspect the ceiling and remove any loose bricks. After that, construction and preservation — the station, remember, is on the National Register of Historic Places — can begin. Transit is trying to clear the tracks as fast as possible, and while trains could pass through the station soon, my uninformed belief is that the station will remain closed to passengers for a few weeks.
Meanwhile, the real story is embedded in this section of the release:
Despite claims to the contrary, NYC Transit is keenly aware that the ceiling was in need of repair and restoration.
Shielding was installed over the bridge and funding was proposed in the MTA Capital Plan amendment submitted in summer of 2008 to address the ceiling condition. A Master Plan for remediation and repair of a significant portion of the ceiling façade was completed in April, and the design process was started this past June by design consultants/Architects John di Domenico & Partners LP. Funding for the work, provided for in the 2005 – 2009 MTA Capital Program, was approved by the State Legislature this past Friday.
Design work is scheduled to be completed by December and the award of a construction contract is planned for early 2010. In addition, there are two other stations (168th Street 1 and 181st Street on the A) with a similar design, but only 168th Street features a brick ceiling. The consultant contract for the 181st Street ceiling will be expanded to include inspection of the 168th Street station as well. It should be noted that all NYC Transit tunnels and elevated structures are inspected on a yearly basis.
In The Times today, Jim Dwyer looks at the tortured history of the 181st St. ceiling, and Transit spokesman Charles Seaton explained the process to him. “It was identified as a localized failure in 2007,” Seaton said. “Certainly, that prompted our interest in further inspecting and repairing that ceiling.”
Transit knew about the problem and had put a plan in motion to fix the problem. However, because the MTA’s budget and construction problem moves at a snail’s pace, it would have taken nearly two years to repair a dangerous situation. Something has to give. This time, it was the ceiling; next time, it should be the process.
Following the news yesterday morning that 181st St. was falling down, New Yorkers scrambled to adjust their commutes. As the day wore on, the prospects for a fast repair seemed bleak, and a few minutes ago, Transit spokesman Paul Fleuranges sent an e-mail update on the state of the station.
According to Fleuranges, 1 train service through 181st St. will “remain suspended until further notice.” Transit has brought on a contractor to repair the station, but this work will take several days to complete. Transit will not restore service “until it is safe to operate trains through the area.”
For now, riders needing to get through or past the 181st St. station will have little luck along that IRT line. The 1 train is running in two sections — between South Ferry and 168th St. and between Dyckman St. and 242nd St. in the Bronx. Shuttle buses are running between Dyckman and 168th Sts. Meanwhile, this evening, Transit announced that for as long as service is interrupted, the M3 along St. Nicholas Ave. will be free for customers traveling north at 168th St., any direction at 181st St. and south at 191st St. The A train remains an option.
In other words, it’s a mess up there, and I’m glad I’m no longer relying on the 1 train as I did when I traveled between Riverdale and the Upper West Side during high school. Meanwhile, the fallout from this incident — a collapsed tunnel ceiling at one of the system’s deepest stations — could stretch on for days and encompass more than just an inconvenient commute.
Writing in amNew York today, Heather Haddon reports on a potentially problematic development for the MTA. According to Washington Heights community groups, the MTA had advanced notice of problems at the station. Writes Haddon:
Transit officials failed to heed to three years of complaints over water leaks and crumbling tiles at the 181 Street No. 1 subway station, where a ceiling collapse covered 35 feet of track with debris and service has been knocked out for up to a week. “We’re not surprised. We’ve been hearing complaints about this from residents for years,” said Manny Velazquez, chair of Community Board 12 in Washington Heights.
According to Velazquez, the MTA had acknowledged the community board’s concerns but did not take action. The agency did not respond directly to the board’s allegations Monday. The MTA said they are still investigating the cause of the Sunday evening collapse of the station’s landmarked brick ceiling and archway, but local officials believe water seepage contributed to the problem.
Water is a chronic complaint at many of the deep stations on the No. 1 line, and residents sometimes use umbrellas to keep dry, Velazquez said.
It’s tough to understate the impact of this news. The 1 train services around 600,000 passengers per week day with 26,500 of them using the 181st St. station. If the MTA had a prior warning that something may be wrong, we’re in for an investigation.
And in fact, an investigation is just what Andrew Albert, a non-voting member of the MTA Board, has requested. Albert noted that the MTA generally does not replace station roofs during overhauls, but perhaps, the agency should. “This certainly calls for inspecting all of the tunnels to ensure their integrity,” Albert said to Haddon.
As Transit struggled to bring a station on the list of the National Register of Historic Places back online and continues to look into the cause of collapse, this story and its ramifications on the rest of the system is only just beginning to unfold.
Susie Tanenbaum Arguably the definitive book on musical performance in the spaces of public transportation, Underground Harmonies: Music and Politics in the Subways of New York, by Susie Tanenbaum, presents an insightful and fascinating portrayal of the culture of music that has existed for decades in the stations of New York’s subway, adroitly drawing research techniques from urban anthropology, sociology, social history, cultural studies, constitutional law, political theory, urban planning, folklore, and urban ecology. Earlier this week I met with Ms. Tanenbaum in her office at Queens Borough Hall and had the opportunity to ask her about Underground Harmonies and the work she has been doing on behalf of local musicians and artists since the book’s completion.
It’s been nearly 15 years since Underground Harmonies was published. Are you happy with the book’s reception?
At the risk of sounding cliché, writing Underground Harmonies was an absolute labor of love. It meant a lot to me to be able to write about subway music as this incredibly special public space phenomenon, one that makes a difference to countless people as they go through their daily urban routine, one that legitimates the subways as a cultural venue, one that places value on subjective experience, and one that encourages people – complete strangers – to communicate across ethnic/racial boundaries without the need for advertising or other corporate packaging. It’s gratifying to know that UH was the first book written about NYC subway music; 15 years later, I’m thrilled to get contacted from time to time by researchers (like you) and documentarians.
Do you think it had an effect on conversations about public transportation and the arts?
I’m not sure I can gauge UH’s impact on conversations about public transportation and the arts. In January, I was invited to speak at a national transportation conference, and I was told that this was the first time the association (with membership in the tens of thousands) had organized a panel on arts in transit. Maybe work like mine, and yours, will become more relevant as transit experts and mavens pay more & more attention to aesthetics. The Know Your Rights Guide that I wrote after the book, in collaboration with City Lore: The Center for Urban Folk Culture, which is now on City Lore’s web site, may have had a greater impact on conversations between subway performers and police.
Have you noticed any changes in the situation of live musical performance in the New York subways in the past fifteen years?
The truth is, I don’t spend as much time in the subways as I did in the 1990s. But my own impression, and that of some of my friends, is that there isn’t as much live music in the subways as there used to be. If not, why not? Maybe it’s because subway music is no longer a novelty, and musicians have moved on to other venues and callings. Or maybe it’s because many transit police officers are still under the impression that the MTA’s Music Under NY members are the only ones who have a legal right to perform underground, so they (the transit police) shut down the freelancers. In reality, all performers, whether freelance or MUNY, have a constitutional right to perform in subway stations. Steve Zeitlin from City Lore has been getting a lot of emails lately from freelance musicians who say that the transit police have told them they’re not allowed to perform on subway platforms. Unless the MTA/NYCT rules were amended recently, this is untrue.
It’s strange…. Rudy Giuliani was a bully, obsessed with Police Commissioner Bill Bratton’s “broken windows theory” and determined to render our public spaces orderly by clearing out any meaningful human activity. But Mike Bloomberg is quite different. He really values public art, and in the summers he organizes these vehicle-free Saturdays to encourage people to come out and engage in all kinds of spontaneous play. Is this a situation where the sentiments of the folks in charge haven’t trickled down to what’s happening on the ground in the subways? Is it a situation where the priorities of the NYCT (getting people from point A to point B) conflict with the priorities of the Mayor & the MTA (making public spaces hospitable)? Or is it a situation where spontaneous play only matters when the city schedules a day for it – in other words, does the city still either not trust or not care very much about spontaneous, freelance street and subway performances?
How did you initially get interested in musical performance and doing an ethnographic study of people in the subway?
I enrolled in the Urban Studies Master’s program at Queens College-CUNY in the late 1980s, mainly to study with Dr. Roger Sanjek, an urban anthropologist who was doing fieldwork at the time in Elmhurst and Corona, Queens, the epicenter of the new immigration to New York at the time. Roger and his team were documenting the relationships between long-time residents and recent immigrants, and I deeply appreciated his approach to understanding the multiple layers of race relations in our borough and city. I arranged to do an independent study with Roger and, for reasons that remain unconscious to me, I wanted to explore how traditional music helped new immigrants to settle into their new society. After a few attempts at visiting particular communities in this part of Queens, Roger asked me why I don’t write instead about the guys I’d become friends with who were playing music in the subways. I’d been getting to know the members of Antara, one of the first Andean bands underground. I took Roger’s advice, and with guidance from another professor, Candance Kim Edel, I continued my fieldwork for the next four years. It became my Master’s thesis, then Roger helped me to get my work published by Cornell University Press. I’m still good friends with some of the original members of Antara.
If you were to republish the book today, what changes would you make?
Truthfully, I don’t think I could write the same book today. For one thing, transit police officers and NYCT employees probably wouldn’t grant me interviews as they did back then. Whether it’s post-911 security or a general trend toward bureaucratizing & controlling information, it seems our government agencies prefer not to have researchers document the subjective experiences of their employees. I really hope I’m wrong about this. In any event, if I were to write the book today, I would certainly include copies of the questionnaires that I used (the New York Times criticized me for leaving them out!). I’d love to know if people have suggestions on what else to include in a book like this!
What other projects have you been working on since you wrote the book?
In the 1990s I worked as Program Director and later Associate Director of the Jackson Heights Community Development Corporation. Among other things, I started LACE, the Local Arts Collaborative & Exchange, a network of 60 – 100 visual, literary and performing artists. Together we organized exhibits, concerts, readings & Open Mics throughout western Queens. Several of the members & my co-organizers were subway musicians. Currently I work for Queens Borough President Helen Marshall, and two of my areas of responsibility are immigrant and inter-cultural affairs. I plan cultural heritage events with various religious and ethnic communities in the borough, and I organize cross-cultural dialogues, which still often incorporate music. I really enjoy bringing people together across cultural lines and creating spaces in which they build relationships; to me, this is a quiet but meaningful form of political empowerment, one that I actually get to do out of a political office (because I have a wonderful boss who is an integrationist and a veteran of the civil rights movement)! On the side, Steve Zeitlin and I are in touch with subway musicians and we’re hoping to revive what we call our Street Performers Advocacy Project. I’ll keep you posted on that.